West Nile and Usutu Virus Circulation in Wild Birds and Equids in Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Northwestern Italy, in 2018-2020

Purpose: A mandatory plan on West Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV), aimed at an early detection of viral circulation, is implemented in Italy through an active and passive monitoring.Here we report data on WNV and USUV circulation from 2018 till 2020 in birds and equids in three Northwestern regions of Italy (Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley).Methods

read more

A Review of Coffee By-Products Including Leaf, Flower, Cherry, Husk, Silver Skin, and Spent Grounds as Novel Foods within the European Union

The coffee plant Coffea spp.offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean.During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as animal feed.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of novel coffee products in the foo

read more